6.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1) Using figure 6.1 answer the following
In what organelle does Photosynthesis take place?
What substances are used (reactants) to start the process of Photosynthesis?
What substances are produced at the end (products) of photosynthesis?
In what organelle does Cellular respiration take place?
What substances are used (reactants) to start the process of Cellular respiration?
What substances are produced at the end (products) of Cellular respiration?
6.2 BREATHING AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2) How is cellular respiration related to your breathing?
6.3
3) Write the summary equation for cellular respiration.
4) Cellular respiration is a ____________________ process (exergonic or endergonic) and can produce up to _____________ number of ATP molecules for each glucose burned.
6.5 CELLS CAPTURE ENERGY FROM ELECTRONS FALLING FROM ORGANIC FUELS TO OXYGEN
5) During cellular respiration, electrons are transferred from _______________ to ____________________ releasing energy which is used to build ATP.
6) Define the following terms:
- a) Oxidation
- b) Reduction
- c) Redox reaction
7) What role does the coenzyme NAD+ play in cellular respiration?
8) NADH delivers the electrons it pulled out of glucose to a string of electron carrier molecules, finally these electrons are accepted by ___________________.
6.6 STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION: OVERVIEW
9) List the 3 stages of cellular respiration
10) Where does each of these occur?
- a) Glycolysis :
- b) Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
- c) Oxidative Phosphorylation
6.7 GLYCOLYSIS
11) What does the term glycolysis mean?
12) What is the initial reactant for glycolysis?
13) What is the final product?
14) How many ATP are produced in glycolysis?
15) How many NADH are produced in glycolysis?
16) ATP formed in glycolysis is by the process called _________________________________.
17) Explain what happens in the process in question 16.
6.8 PYRUVATE OXIDATION AND THE CIRTIC ACID CYCLE (also called Krebs cycle)
18) Pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is transported from ___________________ to ___________________.
19) In the process of pyruvate oxidation :
A molecule of ____________________ is given off
NAD+ is reduced to _________________
Coenzyme A joins with the two carbon group to form a molecule of _______________________.
20) The citric acid cycle is often also called as ____________________cycle
21) Where in the mitochondrion does the citric acid cycle occur?
22) A turn of Krebs cycle begins with the acetyl part of acetylCOA combining with a 4 carbon compound called ________________________ already present in the mitochondrion, to form a 6 carbon compound called _____________________.
23) ________________ number of NADH are produced in each turn of the Citric acid/Krebs cycle.
24) ________________ number of FADH2are produced in each turn of the Citric acid/Krebs cycle.
25) ________________ number of CO2are produced in each turn of the Citric acid/Krebs cycle.
26) ________________ number of ATPare produced in each turn of the Citric acid/Krebs cycle.
27) At the end of glycolysis 1 Glucose breaks down into _______ number of pyruvates, each pyruvate is changed to acetyl COA during pyruvate oxidation. So 1 glucose produces ______ number of Acetyl COA.
28) Each acetyl goes through ___________ (state how many) turn of citric acid cycle
29) For every glucose that enters cellular respiration _______ turns (state how many) of citric acid cycle take place.
30) ATP produced in Krebs cycle is by what phosphorylation process?
6.9OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION(also called electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)
31) This last stage of cellular respiration uses what 2 processes
It occurs in the ______________________________.
32) Name the enzyme complex that synthesizes ATP in this stage.
33) In the electron transport chain electrons from the shuttle molecules ____________ and ______________ are transported through a series of carrier molecules to _____________, the final electron acceptor.
34) Oxygen accepts 2 electrons from the transport chain, and 2H+ from the surrounding solution to form__________________.
35) As the electrons travel down the energy hill (the transport chain) they release energy which is used by the electron carrier complexes to do what?
36) How does the process of chemiosmosis build ATP?
37) The ATP production in this stage is by _____________________ phosphorylation. (oxidative phosphorylation or substrate level phosphorylation)
6.11 REVIEW:
38) List the number of ATP per glucose produced in each of the following stages
- a) Glycolysis : ___________________
- b) Citric acid/Krebs cycle: ___________________
- c) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis : ___________________
39) What is the total yield of ATP per glucose?
40) What stage of cellular respiration uses oxygen?
41) CO2 is produced in which 2 stages of cellular respiration?
6.12 FERMENTATION: ANAEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
42) Cellular respiration is as studied in the above sections is aerobic but fermentation is anaerobic. What do the terms aerobic Vs anaerobic signify?
43) The metabolic pathway that generates energy during fermentation is __________________.
44) Fermentation generates a net of _____ ATP (state the number) per glucose.
45) Name the 2 kinds of fermentation.
46) Give 2 examples of cells in which lactic acid fermentation occurs.
47) Alcohol fermentation happens in _____________ a single-celled fungi.
48) List the following for Alcohol fermentation (use fig 6.13B)
- a) Starting material:
- b) Final end products: (note there are 2)
- c) Amount of ATP produced:
- d) Amount of NADH produced:
48) List the following for Lactate (also called Lactic acid) fermentation(use fig 6.13A)
- a) Starting material:
- b) Final end product:
- c) Amount of ATP produced:
- d) Amount of NADH produced:
49) Define the following
- a) Facultative anaerobes:
Give 2 examples of Facultative anaerobes
- b) Obligate anaerobes:
Give 2 examples of obligate anaerobes.