Module 1 Urban Tree Management -A Tree Survey Report (45%)
1. Background
The data shown in Appendix 1 below come from “The Roadside Tree Survey and Community Participation Project” co-organized by the Conservancy Association and the Working Group of Urban Greening and Tree Management of Sham Shui Po District Council. The project was funded by the District Council.
The project was conducted in early 2021 and the main purpose of this project was to establish a roadside tree inventory. By understanding the conditions of the trees, long-term management plans and strategies could be prepared for the trees in a more holistic way.
A sustainable urban forest could then be established in Sham Shui Po. The survey was conducted from January to February 2021 and covered 2,388 trees planted along the major roads and streets in the Sham Shui Po District (SSPD).
Trees inside parks, housing estates, private premises and trees on Stonecutters Island were not included in this survey.
- Assessment Objectives
Part of the survey data from the above project was extracted for this assessment. The objectives of this assessment are to: – Describe the situation of the roadside trees in SSPD; – Identify the problems of existing trees; – Suggest the potential causes for the above problems; and – Provide constructive and practical solutions for the trees’ long-termsustainability and associated benefits.
Urban Tree Management -A Tree Survey Report Task
Write a fully referenced tree survey report of between 1,200 and 1,500 words (excluding the references). The report should include: • Introduction – a brief literature review on urban tree management in Hong Kong. The
objectives of the study should be put at the end of the introduction. • Method – a simple description of the survey method by looking at the data and work back
on what information were collected during the survey. • Results – you may organize and present the data in your own way. You may include
quantitative or qualitative analysis of the data as you see fit. • Discussion – discuss the results obtained and support your arguments with the literature. • Recommendations – make practical recommendations from the study to the Sham Shui
Po District Council.
3.1 Format and Editing As a professional report, simple English is preferred. Writing in simple sentences could also avoid making mistakes. Here are a few notes: • All scientific names must be in italic fonts with the first letter of the genus name in
capital letter e.g., Bombax ceiba. Cross check all species name andinformation using the Hong Kong Plant Database of the Hong Kong Herbarium.
- For in text citation, put the authors’ surnames followed by the year of the publication.For references with more than three authors, use the first author’s surname followed by “et al.” and then year.
Examples:
For urban biodiversity, plants, birds and butterflies are often the dominant taxa (Hau, 2020). Roadside trees are often found planted in compacted soil with poor soil nutrients (So et al., 2015). • In Hong Kong Government’s reports, numbered section headings and sub-headings are
always preferred. Sometimes, each paragraph is numbered e.g., in EIA reports (see the EIA Register).
- Tables and figures are used to help illustrating the points you are making in the text. They should all be numbered in a sequence with independent titles. They should be referred to in the text.
Example:
Thirty-two tree species were recorded on Cheung Sha Wan Road (Table 1). Table 1. The tree species recorded on Cheung Sha Wan Road in this study.
- For the references cited, avoid citing web-based materials of obscure sources. Official websites of government, well-known organisations or NGOs are fine. For media materials, citing facts such as the date of an accident are ok but avoid citing interpretation by the reporter. Peer-reviewed scientific papers, conference proceedings, and books or book chapters published by well-known publishers are high quality reference materials.
- For the reference list at the end of the report, you may follow any style and format of a scientific paper. Consistency is formatting is the key.
Example:
Pang C.C., Lo W.F., Yan R.W.M. and Hau B.C.H. 2019. Plant community composition on
landfill sites after multiple years of ecological restoration. Landscape Research
Jim C.Y. 1990. Trees in Hong Kong: Species for landscape planning. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.
Hau B.C.H. 2019. Biodiversity conservation planning and case studies in Hong Kong. In Ren, C. (Editor). Exploring the Sustainable Development of HighDensity Cities: The Planning and Design of Contemporary Hong Kong. China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing. ISBN: 978-7-112- 22923-9
- Conduct a “spell and grammar” check of the essay as the last step before submission.
Species Height (m) Number Origin Acacia confusa 15-20 10 Exotic
Bombax ceiba 20-30 20 Exotic
etc…
ENVM 8014 Special Topics in Environmental Management
Module 1 Urban Tree Management -A Tree Survey Report (45%)
Appendix 1. Data extracted from “The Roadside Tree Survey and Community Participation Project” co-organized by the Conservancy Association and the Working Group of Urban Greening and Tree Management of Sham Shui Po District Council.
Table 1.
Number of roadside trees recorded in Sham Shui Po District.
Street | No. of Trees | Street | No. of trees |
Yau Yat Chuen (area) | 209 | Ying Wa Street | 62 |
Tat Chee Avenue | 174 | Cornwall Street | 60 |
Hing Wah Street | 149 | Tai Hang Sai Street – Shek Kip Mei Estate | 55 |
Sham Mong Road – Hoi Lai Estate | 150 | Tung Chau Street | 47 |
Sham Mong Road – Fu Cheong to Hoi Lai Estate | 120 | Tai Hang Sai Street – Nam Shan Estate | 42 |
Sham Mong Road – Fu Cheong Estate | 118 | Lai Hong Street | 41 |
Cheung Sha Wan Road | 88 | Yen Chau Street/ West | 26 |
Lai Wan Road | 88 | Mei Lai Road | 24 |
Boundary Street | 84 | Tai Po Road | 24 |
Tonkin Street | 82 | Po On Road – So Uk | 22 |
Tonkin Street West | 79 | Yee Kuk Street | 16 |
Sham Mong Road – Nam Cheong Park | 77 | Fat Tseung Street West | 11 |
Nam Cheong Street | 76 | Cheung Fat Street | 7 |
Sham Shing Road | 71 | Tai Hang Tung Street | 5 |
Lai Chi Kok Road | 66 | Nam Cheong District Community Centre | 4 |
Hoi Lai Street | 62 | Others | 249 |
Total: | 2,388 |
Table 2.
The quantity and percentage of the eight most abundant tree species (out of a total of 2388 trees) in the study.
Species | Quantity | Percentage |
Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana | 275 | 11.52% |
Roystonea regia | 201 | 8.42% |
Aleurites moluccana | 158 | 6.62% |
Tabebuia chrysantha | 145 | 6.07% |
Xanthostemon chrysanthus | 142 | 5.9% |
Bombax ceiba | 130 | 5.44% |
Lagerstroemia speciosa | 122 | 5.11% |
Archontophoenix alexandrae | 107 | 4.48% |
Total | 1280 | 53.56% |
Table 3.
Trees in different size classes (DBH) and growing stages.
DBH | Quantity (%) | Tree species |
<100mm (Young Tree) | 463 (19.44%) | Xanthostemon chrysanthus, Tabebuia chrysantha, Terminalia mantaly |
100-200mm (Semi-mature) | 881 (36.99%) | Xanthostemon chrysanthus, Tabebuia chrysantha, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana, Aleurites moluccana, Archontophoenix alexandrae, Roystonea regia, Bombax ceiba |
201-500mm (Mature) | 881 (36.99%) | Lagerstroemia speciosa, Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana, Aleurites moluccana, Bischofia javanica, Chukrasia tabularis, Delonix regia, Archontophoenix alexandrae, Roystonea regia, Peltophorum tonkinense, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Ficus virens, Ficus microcarpa, Bombax cebia |
501-1000mm (Mature) | 150 (6.30%) | Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana, Aleurites moluccana, Chukrasia tabularis, Delonix regia, Peltophorum tonkinense, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Ficus virens, Ficus microcarpa, Bombax cebi, Casuarina equisetifolia |
>1000mm (Mature, meet OVT requirement) | 7 (0.29%) | Ficus microcarpa |
Table 4.
Overall health and structural conditions of the surveyed roadside trees.
Condition | Heath problem (%) | Structural problem (%) |
Good | 316 (13.2%) | 250 (10.45%) |
Fair | 1805 (75.6%) | 1917 (80.28%) |
Fair to poor | 133 (5.6%) | 129 (5.4%) |
Poor | 115 (4.8%) | 92 (3.85%) |
Dying | 18 (0.75%) | — |
Died | 1 (0.04%) | — |
Table 5.
Types and quantity of structural problems recorded among the surveyed trees.
Structural problems | Quantity | Percentage |
Obvious wound (by pruning, vehicle damages, etc.) | 341 | 14.28% |
Codominant stems | 302 | 12.65% |
Multiple stems | 146 | 6.11% |
Poor crown form with abrupt branches | 65 | 2.7% |
Girdling root | 30 | 1.26% |
Crossing branches | 20 | 0.84% |
Cavity | 12 | 0.5% |
Severely topped | 4 | 0.17% |
Table 6.
Sizes of tree pits and planters recorded in the survey.
Width of tree pit/ planter (mm) | Quantity | Percentage |
400 – 600 | 280 | 11.73% |
601 – 1000 | 386 | 16.16% |
>1000 | 1603 | 67.13% |
Large planter | 119 | 4.98% |
Table 7.
Records of poor pruning in this survey.
Pruning | Quantity | Percentage |
Excessive crown raising | 1154 | 48.32% |
Pruned to abrupt bending | 404 | 16.92% |
Heading | 340 | 14.24% |
Stub pruning | 105 | 4.40% |
Topping | 55 | 2.30% |
Lion-tailing | 9 | 0.38% |
Figure 1.Distribution of the surveyed roadside trees in Sham Shui Po District. |
Fair: Sterculia lanceolata | Fair to poor: Bombax cebia | Poor: Delonix regia |
Dying: Roystonea regia | Dead: Elaeocarpa apiculatus |
Figure 2. Trees in different health conditions. |
Figure 3. Examples of trees damaged by vehicles (pointed by red arrows). |
Figure 4. Examples of mature trees growing in limited spaces. |
Larger tree pit with young tree (replanting after typhoon damage) | Small tree pit with mature trees |
Figure 5. Examples of pit planted trees. |
Figure 6. 342 trees (14.32%) were found planted too deep (Invisible root flare pointed by red arrow) |
Figure 7. Excessive crown raising (Red arrows indicating the pruning wounds) |
Figure 8. Recurrent pruning caused abrupt bending branches and poor crown form. |
Figure 9. Examples of stub pruning with bark tearing (red arrows). |
Figure 10. Large pruning wound (Left) and topping wound (Right). |
Figure 11. In the study, 198 tree tags out of a total of 286 tags were constricting the tree trunk (Left). Some trees have 3 to 4 tree tags (Right). |
Embedded collar into tree trunk | Damaged supporting system | Supporting pole not removed | Supporting system left on the tree |
Figure 12. In the study, supporting systems were seen on 323 trees and the supporting system of 264 out of 323 trees (81.73%) were outdated and should be removed. |
Figure 13. One hazardous tree with poor rooting space and severe leaning was found at Nam Cheong District Community Centre. |