Take Home Exam 2
Also read: Stress and Health Mental Health
- Why is it important to understand how social ecological factors (poverty, racism, etc.) impact the likelihood of experiencing trauma?
- Describe how interactions in the microsystem can be impacted by mesosystem social-ecological factors?
- Describe how interactions in the microsystem are impacted by exosystem social-ecological factors?
- Describe how interactions in the microsystem are impacted by macrosystem social-ecological factors?
- Describe how interactions in the microsystem are impacted by chronosystem social-ecological factors?
- Describe how interactions in the mesosystem are impacted by microsystem social-ecological factors?
- Describe how interactions in the mesosystem are impacted by exosystem social-ecological factors?
- Describe how policies/rules/laws in the exosystem are impacted by macrosystem social-ecological factors?
- Describe how are the beliefs and values in the macrosystem are impacted by chronosystem social-ecological factors?
- What area of the “Interacting Layers of Trauma & Healing” will your work encompass? What types of “Dehumanization & Distress” will those you serve likely experience? How will you heal the trauma of those you will serve in your role?
ACEs & Historical Trauma
Ingrid l. Cockhren, m.ed
The ACEs Study
Adverse Childhood Experiences
According to the CDC, Adverse Childhood Experiences, or ACEs, are experiences that occur during childhood and account for a wide range of health and social consequences.
ACEs have been categorized into 10 types with each type reflecting either child abuse, child neglect or household challenges that negatively impact brain development, social-emotional growth and overall health and wellbeing.
More resources: Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Adverse Childhood Experiences
REDESIGN
4
KEEP
5
Reflection
What is your ACE score?
Dr. Robert Anda ACEs Pyramid
Ryse center extended aces pyramid
REDESIGN
www.communityresiliencecookbook.org
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Key Terms & concepts
Racial Trauma:
Refers to the mental and emotional injury caused by encounters with racial bias and ethnic discrimination, racism, and hate crimes. In the U.S., Black, Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC) are most vulnerable due to living under a system of white supremacy. Also referred to as rase-based traumatic stress.
Experiences of race-based discrimination can have detrimental psychological impacts on individuals and their wider communities. In some individuals, prolonged incidents of racism can lead to symptoms like those experienced with post-traumatic stress disorder. This can look like depression, anger, recurring thoughts of the event, physical reactions (e.g. headaches, chest pains, insomnia), hypervigilance, low-self-esteem, and mentally distancing from the traumatic events.
Race-based traumatic stress is a mental injury that can occur as the result of living within a racist system or experiencing events of racism.
Definitions & Key Terms
Mental Health America
Collective trauma
Collective trauma is a cataclysmic event that shatters the basic fabric of society. Aside from the horrific loss of life, collective trauma is also a crisis of meaning.
Collective trauma transforms into a collective memory and culminates in a system of meaning that allows groups to redefine who they are and where they are going.
For victims, the memory of trauma may be adaptive for group survival, but also elevates existential threat, which prompts a search for meaning, and the construction of a trans-generational collective self.
-Gilad Hirschberger
Historical Trauma
The term was first coined in the 1980’s by Dr. Maria Yellow Horse Braveheart, a Native American social worker.
Dr. Braveheart defined Historical Trauma as “a cumulative emotional and psychological wounding over the lifespan and across generations, emanating from massive group trauma.”
Dr. Braveheart also stated that historical Trauma was also accompanied by Historical Unresolved Grief.
Intergenerational Transmission
As defined by the International Encyclopedia of Marriage & Family, Intergenerational transmission refers to “movement, passage, or exchange” of beliefs, norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors specific to that family, or that reflect sociocultural, religious, and ethnically relevant practices and beliefs.
Dr. Robert Anda ACEs Pyramid
ACEs & Historical Trauma
Ingrid l. Cockhren, m.ed
Dr. Robert Anda ACEs Pyramid
Ryse center extended aces pyramid
REDESIGN
www.communityresiliencecookbook.org
3
Social Ecological model of development -Uri Brofenbrenner
The innermost system, MICROSYSTEM, includes the home, school, work.
Childhood Trauma
Bullying
Parents’ Beliefs
Parents’ Trauma
Parents’ Parenting Style
Spheres of Influence
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The next closest system, MESOSYSTEM, refers to the interactions between the different settings within the microsystem.
Extended Family
Neighborhoods
Socio-economic Status
Local Issues
Familial Trauma
Spheres of Influence
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The next closest system, EXOSYSTEM, refers to factors that affect the individual indirectly, parent’s workplace, friends and friends’ parents, politics, and government.
Political Influences
Places of Worship
State Issues
Regional Influences
Mass Media
Social Media
Spheres of Influence
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The next system, MACROSYSTEM, refers to beliefs, values, society and cultural influences.
Institutional Racism
Patriarchal System
Religion
Law
Spheres of Influence
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The outermost system, CHRONOSYSTEM, refers to historical context, generational context and time.
Historical Trauma
Genocide
Slavery
Internment Camps
Women as Property
Generational Issues
World Wars
Immigration
Spheres of Influence
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