Literature Review
(minimum four pages)a.
Review of at least ten previous studies separately that investigated this topic published since 2000. You must include the authors and year, a description of the research design, a description of the sample and data collection method, and relevant findings for each of the ten articles (2pts).
For example:Smith (2005) conducted a study about the utility of drug prevention messages via in-person interviews with a non-random sample (n=25) of inmates in local jails.
Findings indicated that drug prevention messages have limited effect on
15prisoners’ recidivism.
Using these individual reviews, write a coherent summary (literature review). The literature review should include:
a description of the prevalence of the problem (1 pt);
a history of interventions or programs to address this problem (1pts); and
a thorough discussion of the research study findings (3 pts)For example:
The experience of detention makes it more likely that youth will continue to engage in delinquent behavior and that the detention experience may increase the odds that youth will recidivate (Holman & Zeidenberg, 2006; Torres & Ooyen, 2002).
Detained youth are more likely than non-detained youth to penetrate further the juvenile justice system, with prior commitment being the most significant predictor of recidivism: a youth with a prior commitment has a13.5 times increased the risk of a second secure facility placement (Benda & Tollet,2000). Incarcerating juvenile offenders for pre-trial detention or to secure correctional institutions is ineffective and harmful public policy(Rosch & Lederman,2006) and compromises public safety (Holman & Ziedenberg, 2006).
Deviant behavior is increasingly found to be contagious among adolescents, particularly early adolescents (Dodge, Dishion, & Landsford, 2006a; 2006b). Congregating delinquent youth together for treatment in a group setting leads to higher recidivism rates and poorer outcomes compared to youth who are not grouped for treatment. Researchers call this process “peer deviancy training” or “peer contagion” (Dishion, McCord, & Poulin, 2000).
Recent findings have identified significantly higher levels of substance abuse, school difficulties, delinquency, violence, and adjustment difficulties in adulthood for those youth treated in a deviant peer group setting (Dishion, McCord, & Poulin, 2000).
Detaining youth also has a profound negative impact on juveniles’ education, mental and physical well-being,future employment, and workforce stability (Cohen, 2000; Forrest, Tambor, Riley, Ensminger, & Starfield, 2000; Holman & Ziedenberg, 2006; Males, Macallair,& Corcoran, 2006). Time spent in detention interrupts positive peer, family, and school relations while promoting a negative peer culture. Many detained youth with special needs fail to return to school (Holman, & Ziedenberg, 20