Epidemiology Question 1
(Total 10 pts.)
Please draw a 2×2 table adding the following descriptors:
o Exposure
o No-exposure
o Diseased
o Healthy
…and add the letters “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” to the four boxes (4 pts.):
Referring to your 2×2 table above, give the formula that needs to be used to calculate the values listed below. Use the letters A, B, C and D in the numerator and denominator in your formulas:
Relative Risk (2 pts.):
Odds Ratio (2 pts.):
Exposure Rate (2 pts.):
Question 2 (Total 12 pts.)
Draw flow diagrams for the three study designs listed below and list the advantages and disadvantages of each.
o Case-control study (2 pts.):
Advantages (1 pt.) Disadvantages (1 pt.):
o Cohort study (2 pts.):
Advantages (1 pt.): Disadvantages (1 pt.):
o Experiment (2 pts):
Advantages (1 pt.): Disadvantages (1 pt.):
Epidemiology Question 3
(Total 12 pts.)
Please draw a 2×2 diagnostic test table adding the following descriptors: o Test outcome – positive
o Test outcome – negative
o Patient has the disease
o Patient does not have the disease
o True positive
o False positive
o True negative
o False negative
….. and add the letters “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” to the four boxes (8pts.):
Referring to your 2×2 table drawn above, give the formulas for calculating the parameters listed below. Use the letters A, B, C and D in the numerators and denominators:
Sensitivity (2 pts.):
Specificity (2 pts.):
Epidemiology Question 4 (Total 4 pts.)
Briefly explain the potential advantages and disadvantages associated with the following outcomes in a community diagnostic screening test:
False positive (2 pts.):
False negative (2 pts.):
Epidemiology Question 5 (2 pts.)
Briefly explain why randomization in test subject assignment to either the exposure group or the “control” group in an experimental design is important.