Running head: INTERNATIONAL DRUG TRAFFICKING 1
INTERNATIONAL DRUG TRAFFICKING 6
International Drug Trafficking
Gen 499: General Education Capstone
International drug trafficking is a greatly debated global matter since it is a key problem in global relations. Drug trafficking is described as the global illegitimate trade that involves the manufacture, distribution, and sale of substances that are forbidden by the laws. Drug trafficking is said to be a worldwide issue since many actors comprising the transnational criminal organizations are involved. The undertaking involves many types of drug substances across the world. Such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin together with many other prescribed drugs. The drugs contribute to addiction as well as harming the human bodies, an aspect that brings about the prohibition in many nations. Many nations across the world focus on mitigating this menace through policies, which implement enforcement. Cartels involved in drug trafficking are associated with tipping the power scales back in their favors through seeking alternative trafficking methods. Drug trafficking impacts all members of countries across the globe whereby it undermines both the economic and political stability of nations. Further research is important because it will expound on the impacts of international drug trafficking on the community as well as helping in identifying the criminal networks and routes behind the illegal trade. International drug trafficking has significantly contributed to human suffering all over the globe and hence there is a need for action.
Jenner, M. S. (2011). International drug trafficking: A global problem with a domestic solution. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 18(2), 901-927.
Although substance abuse and education appear to exhibit a circular relationship, it is alleged that education is a key intervention point for preventing substance abuse. Learners who consume drugs may suffer short-term memory impairment together with many other intellectual faculties. It may also lead to impaired tracking capabilities for perceptual and sensory functions. It may also translate into negative social and emotional development which ultimately leads to impaired performance in classrooms. Decreased cognitive efficiency translates into poor performance in academics as well as reduced self-esteem. Therefore, the overall result is instability in a person’s sense of identity that may lead to further substance abuse thus creating a vicious circle. Education is said to be amongst the principle ways through which drug abuse can be prevented despite the fact that the results will be produced in the long-term, it should be embraced (p. 918). This source contributes significantly to the solution of international trafficking menace by offering ways through which drug abuse can be prevented.
Number 6 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE AND ILLICIT TRAFFICKING. (1998). Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1998-01-01_1.pdf
International drug trafficking is said to have contributed to adverse health effects to the users across the world. In the U.S, visits to emergency rooms associated with substance use in 1995 were approximately 532,000 and an increment from 404,000 that was recorded in 1988. The increment translates into 30%. This was a clear demonstration of the magnitude of substance-related health issues for addicted persons together with society as a whole. This revealed that the society was burdened with high expenditures on health attributed to substance use. The substances that are often linked to illicit drug-related demises include cocaine, heroin including other opiates, amphetamine, and barbiturates stimulant types as well as methamphetamine. The dosage of some of these substances determines their impacts on the health of the users. Most of them do not directly cause deaths but are linked to fatal accidents. According to Interpol tobacco and alcohol are associated with around 5 million deaths annually. On the other hand, deaths relating to drug injections amount to not more than 200,000 annually across the globe (p. 31). Despite the fact that mortality risks from the consumption of unlawful substances is an issue of concern, it can be deduced that that the present mechanisms for the control of drugs that is prevention, education the enforcement of the law, though incapable of preventing mortality related to substance abuse, appears to have prevented the actual numbers of mortalities related with substance abuse, from hitting levels presently being experienced with the consumption of lawful psychoactive substances. The source contributes to the solution of the international drug trafficking menace by highlighting the history of substance use which may help in policy formulation.
United States. (1992). Drugs, crime, and the justice system: A national report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
There exist multiple relationships between crime, corruption, and drugs. All activities involving drugs from production to the final stage whereby the drugs are consumed, constitute different felonious offenses. Drugs are associated with multiple kinds of criminal activities. Crimes linked to drugs occur in trafficking-related undertakings which may include violent conflicts amongst trafficking groups who may do so in competition for market shares. The same may also emanate from the desires of drug users to fund their addictive lives through prostitution and theft. According to the data that was collected and presented to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in 1975 and 1989, indicate that crimes and robbery linked to substance use were the quickest growing components in crime as a whole, immediately after kidnapping (p. 76). This source contributes significantly to the solution of international trafficking menace by highlighting the effects of drug trafficking hence indicating the necessity to avoid substance abuse.
Lee III, R. W. (1995). Global reach: The threat of international drug trafficking. Current history, 94(592), 207.
International drug trafficking ruins the lives of people thus destroying communities. Users of illicit drugs end up being drug addicts hence turning into victims of the manipulative and powerful business. There are multiple forms of crimes linked to international drug trafficking which include money laundering and corruption. Drug trafficking ways or means may also be followed by criminal networks in ferrying other illegitimate goods. Many people do not recognize some of the indirect costs of unlawful drug consumption, for instance, the toll it accords on work productivity. Any business may suffer from unlawful substance problems since it may lose employees or even theft cases may arise which significantly lower business productivity. Resources and time are necessities for staff training especially in the cases of high turnover accelerated by substance abuse (p. 208). Societies overtaken by drug addiction and violence are bound to suffer economically which may call for effective attention. This source contributes significantly to the solution of international trafficking menace by exploring the adverse effects of drug trafficking hence enlightening people on the best choice for the future world.
rebecca.wabwoba. (2011). Drug trafficking. Retrieved from Unodc.org website: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drug-trafficking/index.html
In the year 2008, international seizures on heroin were recorded at 73.70 metric tons. The greater part of the drug was clutched in the Middle East and Near and SW Asia that represented 30% of the worldwide aggregate, SE Europe 24% and Central and Western Europe 10%. The worldwide increment in the drug captures between 2006 and 2008 was driven predominantly by progressively increasing captures in Turkey and Iran. In the year 2008, the two nations represented the greater part of international heroin captures hence registering for the third back to back year, the most elevated and second most noteworthy seizures across the globe, correspondingly. In the years 2007 and 2008, cocaine was utilized by somewhere in the range of 16 to 17 million people all over the globe, like the number of overall opiate consumers. North America represented over 40% of worldwide cocaine use with the aggregate assessed at around 470 tons, whereas the four European Free Trade Association and the 27 European Union nations represented in excess of a fourth of the total utilization. These two areas represent over 80% of the complete estimation of the worldwide cocaine markets, which was assessed at $88 billion in the year 2008. This source significantly contributes to the solution of international trafficking menace by offering a room for future projections. The data is useful in policy formulations which will help in combating international drug trafficking hence improving the wellness of the society.
References
Jenner, M. S. (2011). International drug trafficking: A global problem with a domestic solution. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 18(2), 901-927
Lee III, R. W. (1995). Global reach: The threat of international drug trafficking. Current history, 94(592), 207.
Number 6 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE AND ILLICIT TRAFFICKING. (1998). Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1998-01-01_1.pdf
rebecca.wabwoba. (2011). Drug trafficking. Retrieved from Unodc.org website: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drug-trafficking/index.html
United States. (1992). Drugs, crime, and the justice system: A national report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics.