substance dependence

Symptoms may be described in terms of emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavioral symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning.
Biological explanations may include the following: Brain structure and function, genetics, hormones, evolution/natural selection, neurotransmitters (oversupply, undersupply, dysfunction)
Psychological explanations may include the following: Learning, memory, personality traits, cognition (thought patterns), trauma/stress, emotion/mood
Sociocultural explanations may include the following: Gender roles, socioeconomic status, locations (city or rural), school/education, cultural values, poverty
Treatment may include medications, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, group therapy, client centered therapy
The research paper must be formatted entirely in APA formatting. This includes a five page research paper (not including a title page and reference page) that describes a psychological disorder from a biopsychosocial perspective, a title page with running head, reference page with APA formatted references and in-text citations, 12 point Times New Roman font, 1 inch margins on all sides. A minimum of five scholarly sources must be used to research the information for the paper.

The research paper must be written in the student’s own words. The research paper may not contain more than two direct quotes. Each quote must be no more than one full sentence.